Hi guys, just got the toefl score. 25R, 26L, 23S, 24W. Overall, 98.

Do you believe this would undermine my application for universities like Stanford, Columbia, NYU, Georgetown or UPenn? I have a really strong profile. I struggled with the internet-based version and I think the technical problems were kind of the cause for such a low score.

I'd really consider taking it again, however, I'm afraid I'm a bit late as I've already applied for LLM class of 2024...

I don’t think it would undermine much as compared to your strong profile. Given that you said you have a strong profile, one would support your language proficiency is working in English, I guess. Language does not alone would be detrimental to your application consideration though.

Is my understanding that the universities review each profile as a whole, meaning that a strong and quailfied profile will always be admitted even if the english proficiency is a bit lower than the suggested score. However, it is also true that you will be in disadvantage before other candidates that fulfilled the requirement.