Embarking on an LL.M. program is a significant decision that requires careful consideration of various factors, including location. While the United States has long been a preferred destination for LL.M. studies, an increasingly appealing alternative lies in Europe.
There are distinct advantages of pursuing an LL.M. in Europe as compared to other prominent locations, particularly the U.SA. From a structured yet flexible curriculum to the carefully curated content aligning with professional demands, European LL.M. programs offer a unique educational experience for those seeking to elevate their legal expertise in a global context.
Eugenia Castrillon, Vice dean of IE Law School in Spain, describes the differences in the structure and approach of LL.M. programs in mainland Europe. “LL.M. programs in continental Europe, with the UK being more akin to the U.S.A., are characterized by a more guided or structured approach,” he says.
“Programs in continental Europe offer carefully curated content, ensuring alignment with professional demands and academic coherence. This structure, while comprehensive, still allows students ample flexibility in selecting from a wide range of courses to specialize in their desired area of expertise.”
In addition to structural differences, Castrillon says there particular legal disciplines where European LL.M. programs excel. Beyond the evident focus on European Union Law, these LL.M. programs are notably excelling in comparative law studies.
“The intricate nature of the EU, with its complex political and legislative frameworks, encourages a multi-perspective approach to various legal fields,” says Castrillon. “Moreover, disciplines like intellectual property (IP) and digital law, where Europe leads legislative efforts, significantly influence the academic research conducted by European universities. Consequently, this impact resonates in the academic offerings and perspectives within these programs.”
Theoretical penetration of complex legal issues
Christopher Bisping, Dean at Bucerius Law School in Germany, agrees: “EU law is an obvious example where European degrees excel.” He adds that “European degrees excel at the theoretical penetration of complex legal issues, whereas US degrees tend to focus more on the law as a tool for practical purposes”.
“Many US programs are very practical in focus and may serve as preparation to taking the bar exam,” he explains. “The European LL.M.s tend to either introduce students to a specific system of law, such as civil or common law, or to a specialist area of law, such as tax or environmental law.”
As well as the structure and content, the overall costs of pursuing an LL.M. in Europe are often lower relative to those in the U.S.A, taking into account tuition, living expenses and potential financial aid. “Tuition fees have always far exceeded those charged in Europe. Despite high tuition fees this has made the US an attractive destination,” Bisping says.
In Europe there is a varied picture of tuition fees, he adds. “In some countries market rates are charged, such as in the U.K. In other countries, where education is regarded as a public good, fees are much lower. In some, such as Germany, public universities charge nominal fees, but private institutions charge fees more akin to commercial rates.”
This sentiment is echoed by Castrillon, who says that when considering the overall costs of pursuing an LL.M., European programs are likely to emerge as more competitive on every front. “Tuition fees in Europe can be more affordable, and while living expenses may vary, some European cities offer a lower cost of living compared to their U.S. counterparts. While financial aid options can differ, both present interesting alternatives for candidates to ensure top quality and diversity,” he adds.
Career outcomes for non-native English speakers
When it comes to career outcomes, there are specific industries or regions where European LL.M. graduates tend to find more opportunities. But it would depend on their area of expertise. “For example, graduates from a Master in International Legal Studies with a focus on human rights might discover compelling opportunities in international organizations like the E.U. or U.N. agencies. On the other hand, those with an LL.M. specializing in international business law might be drawn towards legal hubs such as London, Madrid, or Paris.”
Additionally, he says that many graduates choose to pursue an LL.M. to further enrich their expertise, gaining a more comprehensive international perspective and enhancing their professional practice. “Subsequently, they often return to their countries of origin equipped with new insights and knowledge.”
But are language considerations a significant factor for non-native English speakers pursuing an LL.M. in Europe? “Many European countries are very welcoming to English speakers, so a lack of ability to speak the local language should not deter any applicant,” insists Bisping.
“As a rule, the more highly respected the program, the higher the English language requirement. In particular, in countries where English is not the national language, international students might find it easier to integrate into study programs as they are not competing with native speakers.”
